Electrochemical Gradient
Published: 7 years ago
175,540 Views
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Bozeman Science
In this video Paul Andersen explains how the electrochemical gradient is a combination of the chemical and electrical gradient of ions. As ions move across a membrane the potential change creates a hidden force that isn't always apparent.
PhET Simulation with membrane channels - https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/membrane-channels
ASU Nernst Goldman Simulator - http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png (2673×1876). (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png
File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png
GIBERT, J. P. (2016). Français : SalièreEnglish: Salt shakerDeutsch: SalzstreuerEspañol: SaleroItaliano: SalierePortuguês: SaleiroΕλληνικά: Αλατιέρα. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sali%C3%A8re.svg
Häggström, B. W. using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen com staff “Blausen gallery 2014” W. J. of M. D. 15347/wjm/2014 010 I. 20018762 D. by M. (2014). English: The sodium-potassium pump and related diffusion of sodium and potassium between the extracellular and intracellular space. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-potassium_pump_and_diffusion.png
Navarre, Z. I. of. (2016). English: A 3D rendering of an animal cell cut in half. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_animal.jpg
Somepics. (2015). English: Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells. I redrew and formatted it for a better quality SVG file. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg
The Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Villarreal, L. M. R. (2007). English: Example of primary active transport, where energy from hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to the movement of a specific substance across a membrane independent of any other species. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg
Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png (2673×1876). (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png
File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png
GIBERT, J. P. (2016). Français : SalièreEnglish: Salt shakerDeutsch: SalzstreuerEspañol: SaleroItaliano: SalierePortuguês: SaleiroΕλληνικά: Αλατιέρα. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sali%C3%A8re.svg
Häggström, B. W. using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen com staff “Blausen gallery 2014” W. J. of M. D. 15347/wjm/2014 010 I. 20018762 D. by M. (2014). English: The sodium-potassium pump and related diffusion of sodium and potassium between the extracellular and intracellular space. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-potassium_pump_and_diffusion.png
Navarre, Z. I. of. (2016). English: A 3D rendering of an animal cell cut in half. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_animal.jpg
Somepics. (2015). English: Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells. I redrew and formatted it for a better quality SVG file. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg
The Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Villarreal, L. M. R. (2007). English: Example of primary active transport, where energy from hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to the movement of a specific substance across a membrane independent of any other species. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg Show more
PhET Simulation with membrane channels - https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/membrane-channels
ASU Nernst Goldman Simulator - http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/
Creative Commons Atribution License
Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
http://sunsetvalley.bandcamp.com/track/string-theory
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png (2673×1876). (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png
File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png
GIBERT, J. P. (2016). Français : SalièreEnglish: Salt shakerDeutsch: SalzstreuerEspañol: SaleroItaliano: SalierePortuguês: SaleiroΕλληνικά: Αλατιέρα. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sali%C3%A8re.svg
Häggström, B. W. using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen com staff “Blausen gallery 2014” W. J. of M. D. 15347/wjm/2014 010 I. 20018762 D. by M. (2014). English: The sodium-potassium pump and related diffusion of sodium and potassium between the extracellular and intracellular space. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-potassium_pump_and_diffusion.png
Navarre, Z. I. of. (2016). English: A 3D rendering of an animal cell cut in half. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_animal.jpg
Somepics. (2015). English: Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells. I redrew and formatted it for a better quality SVG file. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg
The Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Villarreal, L. M. R. (2007). English: Example of primary active transport, where energy from hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to the movement of a specific substance across a membrane independent of any other species. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg
Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png (2673×1876). (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/40/Basis_of_Membrane_Potential.png
File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png - Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium-chloride-3D-ionic.png
GIBERT, J. P. (2016). Français : SalièreEnglish: Salt shakerDeutsch: SalzstreuerEspañol: SaleroItaliano: SalierePortuguês: SaleiroΕλληνικά: Αλατιέρα. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sali%C3%A8re.svg
Häggström, B. W. using this image in external sources it can be cited as:Blausen com staff “Blausen gallery 2014” W. J. of M. D. 15347/wjm/2014 010 I. 20018762 D. by M. (2014). English: The sodium-potassium pump and related diffusion of sodium and potassium between the extracellular and intracellular space. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium-potassium_pump_and_diffusion.png
Navarre, Z. I. of. (2016). English: A 3D rendering of an animal cell cut in half. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_animal.jpg
Somepics. (2015). English: Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells. I redrew and formatted it for a better quality SVG file. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thylakoid_membrane_3.svg
The Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator. (n.d.). Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.nernstgoldman.physiology.arizona.edu/
Villarreal, L. M. R. (2007). English: Example of primary active transport, where energy from hydrolysis of ATP is directly coupled to the movement of a specific substance across a membrane independent of any other species. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg Show more
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